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Atheris Envenomation
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by Phobos on September 18, 2003
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I have noticed Bush Viper family is commonly kept by many Hot Herpers as well as Zoo's. Although a small snake it is said to have a potient bite. What is known about Antivenom cross reactivity? In another words; in a real serious bite would Echis and or Bitis antivenom have any effect?
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RE: Atheris Envenomation
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by Naja_oxiana on September 19, 2003
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Echis would likely be the closest...at least that's what I've been told by those qho's opinion I trust. However, they are not listed on the lable as being cross-reactive, so you'd have to lie to the dr about what bit you.
Cheers,
Roger
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RE: Atheris Envenomation
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by Hotherps on September 24, 2003
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From all accounts, Echis monovalent or SAIMR polyvalent has no cross reactivity and is of no help.
I do know of two Atheris Sp. bites here in the UK within the last couple of years. No AV was given. The victims where in a lot of pain.
Regards, Paul
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RE: Atheris Envenomation
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by BGF on September 24, 2003
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The relative neutralisation of the antivenoms hasn't been properly investigated and Echis is a 'best guess' suggestion (in the hope something will come out in the wash). However, as the different Echis antivenoms don't even neutralise other regional variants of the same species (let alone other Echis species), I wouldn't hold out high hopes for it to touch a rather unrelated genus. Not sure about Cerastes but SAVP has been stated as not having any effect (but I don't know what studies this is based upon).
What is known, however, is that the Atheris venoms have devastating effects upon the blood chemistry (as does Proatheris). One of my students studied A. squamiger and it was also quite nicely neurotoxic as well (we didn't expect this).
Atheris is a good example of snakes that were regarded as having only mild venom based off of zero evidence (one way or the other). However, the few well documented clinical cases certainly changed this perception. A bite in Germany was the subject of some very nice followup work by Mebs and co. that confirmed the very potent actions of the crude venom.
We analysed both venoms and also referenced other studies on them:
http://www.venomdoc.com/downloads/BGF_Colubroidea_RCMS.pdf
Cheers
B
PS as a parenthetical aside, the various Atheris species are some of my favorite snakes. Proatheris however were the biggest pain to milk that I had encountered in a long time. Wretched creatures but quite fascinating never-the-less. ;-)
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